Health-related Fitness and Performance-related Fitness

根據 Corbin 與 Pangrazi（2001），過往數十年來，各方面對體適能（fitness）定義的意見不一，直至 1996 年美國（U.S. Department of Health and Human Services，1996）的一份報告《Physical Activity and Health: A Report of the Surgeon General》發表後，才續漸有了共識。目前，最流行的定義出自 U.S. Department of Health and Human Services（1996）：

“一組人類與生俱來或後天獲得，與身體活動能力相關的特質。”^[1]

另一個描述得較詳盡，也是廣為人所接受的定義就是：

“能精力充沛和警覺地完成每天的工作，而且亦不會因此而感到過度疲累；還有餘力去享受休閒活動和應付突然發生的事情。”^[2]

根據 U.S. Department of Health and Human Services（1996），體適能包括：心肺耐力（cardiorespiratory endurance）、肌肉耐力（skeletal muscular endurance）、肌肉力量（skeletal muscular strength）、肌肉爆發力（skeletal muscular power）、速度（speed）、柔軟度（flexibility）、靈敏度（agility）、平衡力（balance）、反應時間（reaction time）及身體成分（body composition）。由於這些特質對健康和運動表現的重要性有所不同，所以體適能又可被劃分為健康相關體適能（health-related fitness）和運動相關體適能（performance-related fitness）。

Corbin，Pangrazi 與 Frank（2000）亦把各種體適能的特質總結成下表：

¹ 英文原文：“A set of attributes that people have or achieve relating to their ability to perform physical activity.”

² 英文原文：“The ability to carry out daily tasks with vigor and alertness, without undue fatigue, and with ample energy to enjoy leisure-time pursuits and to meet unforeseen emergencies.”

References

1. Corbin, C. B, Pangrazi, R. P, & Franks, B. D. (2000). Definitions: Health, fitness and physical activity. President's Council on Physical Fitness and Sports Research Digest, 3(9), 1-8.

2. Corbin, C. B, & Pangrazi, R. P. (2001). Toward a uniform definition of wellness: A commentary. President's Council on Physical Fitness and Sports Research Digest, 3(15), 1-8.

3. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (1996). Physical Activity and Health: A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion.

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最近更新日期（Last Updated）：2007-06-18